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Research
Bacterial colonization of the upper airways is a prerequisite for subsequent invasive disease. With the introduction of the 7- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7 and PCV13), changes in pneumoc...
Microbiome 2017 5:85
Published on: 24 July 2017
Research
Recent evidence of specific bacterial communities extended the traditional concept of fungal-algal lichen symbioses by a further organismal kingdom. Although functional roles were already assigned to dominant ...
Microbiome 2017 5:82
Published on: 19 July 2017
Research
Antibiotic-resistant pathogens are challenging treatment of infections worldwide. Urban sewage is potentially a major conduit for dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes into various environmental compart...
Microbiome 2017 5:84
Published on: 19 July 2017
Research
The Antarctic continent is considered the coldest and driest place on earth with simple ecosystems, devoid of higher plants. Soils in the ice-free regions of Antarctica are known to harbor a wide range of micr...
Microbiome 2017 5:83
Published on: 19 July 2017
Research
The built environment of the International Space Station (ISS) is a highly specialized space in terms of both physical characteristics and habitation requirements. It is unique with respect to conditions of mi...
Microbiome 2017 5:81
Published on: 17 July 2017
Research
The study of the gut microbiota (GM) is rapidly moving towards its functional characterization by means of shotgun meta-omics. In this context, there is still no consensus on which microbial functions are cons...
Microbiome 2017 5:79
Published on: 14 July 2017
Review
Chronic inflammation represents one of the most consistent biologic features of aging. However, the precise etiology of persistent low-grade increases in inflammation remains unclear. Recent evidence suggests ...
Microbiome 2017 5:80
Published on: 14 July 2017
Review
The concept of hygiene is rooted in the relationship between cleanliness and the maintenance of good health. Since the widespread acceptance of the germ theory of disease, hygiene has become increasingly confl...
Microbiome 2017 5:76
Published on: 14 July 2017
Review
The human gut is colonized with a myriad of microbes, with substantial interpersonal variation. This complex ecosystem is an integral part of the gastrointestinal tract and plays a major role in the maintenanc...
Microbiome 2017 5:78
Published on: 14 July 2017
Research
The gut microbiota of breast-fed and formula-fed infants differ significantly, as do the risks for allergies, gut dysfunction, and upper respiratory tract infections. The connections between breast milk, vario...
Microbiome 2017 5:77
Published on: 14 July 2017
Research
Late onset sepsis (LOS) in preterm infants is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. While studies have implicated gut bacteria in the aetiology of the disease, functional analysis and mechanist...
Microbiome 2017 5:75
Published on: 12 July 2017
Research
The use of antimicrobials in food animals and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance are global concerns. Ceftiofur is the only third-generation cephalosporin labeled for veterinary use in the USA, and it i...
Microbiome 2017 5:74
Published on: 12 July 2017
Research
An inflatable lunar/Mars analog habitat (ILMAH), simulated closed system isolated by HEPA filtration, mimics International Space Station (ISS) conditions and future human habitation on other planets except for...
Microbiome 2017 5:62
Published on: 11 July 2017
Research
Systemic lupus erythematosus, characterized by persistent inflammation, is a complex autoimmune disorder with no known cure. Immunosuppressants used in treatment put patients at a higher risk of infections. Ne...
Microbiome 2017 5:73
Published on: 11 July 2017
Research
Establishment of the human gut microbiota begins at birth. This early-life microbiota development can impact host physiology during infancy and even across an entire life span. However, the functional stabilit...
Microbiome 2017 5:72
Published on: 10 July 2017
Research
Effective treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection requires at least 6 months of daily therapy with multiple orally administered antibiotics. Although this drug regimen is administered annually to ...
Microbiome 2017 5:71
Published on: 7 July 2017
Methodology
Identifying viral sequences in mixed metagenomes containing both viral and host contigs is a critical first step in analyzing the viral component of samples. Current tools for distinguishing prokaryotic virus ...
Microbiome 2017 5:69
Published on: 6 July 2017
Methodology
Advances in sequencing technologies and bioinformatics have made the analysis of microbial communities almost routine. Nonetheless, the need remains to improve on the techniques used for gathering such data, i...
Microbiome 2017 5:68
Published on: 6 July 2017
Research
Polymyxin is a cationic polypeptide antibiotic that can disrupt bacterial cell membrane by interacting with its lipopolysaccharide molecules and is used as a last resort drug against lethal infections by the c...
Microbiome 2017 5:70
Published on: 6 July 2017
Short report
Progressive, chronic bacterial infection of the airways is a leading cause of death in cystic fibrosis (CF). Culture-independent methods based on sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene describe a distinct m...
Microbiome 2017 5:67
Published on: 30 June 2017
Research
The correct establishment of the human gut microbiota represents a crucial development that commences at birth. Different hypotheses propose that the infant gut microbiota is derived from, among other sources,...
Microbiome 2017 5:66
Published on: 26 June 2017
Commentary
All humans, animals, and plants are holobionts. Holobionts comprise the host and a myriad of interacting microorganisms—the microbiota. The hologenome encompasses the genome of the host plus the composite of a...
Microbiome 2017 5:64
Published on: 24 June 2017
Research
The circadian clock regulates plant metabolic functions and is an important component in plant health and productivity. Rhizosphere bacteria play critical roles in plant growth, health, and development and are...
Microbiome 2017 5:65
Published on: 24 June 2017
Research
Perturbation of commensal intestinal microbiota has been associated with several autoimmune diseases. Mice deficient in interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (Il1rn −/− mice) spontaneously ...
Microbiome 2017 5:63
Published on: 23 June 2017
Research
Although culture-independent methods have paved the way for characterization of the lung microbiome, the dynamic changes in the lung microbiome from neonatal stage to adult age have not been investigated.
Microbiome 2017 5:61
Published on: 21 June 2017
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