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Longitudinal studies of the lung microbiome are challenging due to the invasive nature of sample collection. In addition, studies of the lung microbiome in human disease are usually performed after disease ons...
Citation: Microbiome 2016 4:38
Invasive methods requiring general anaesthesia are needed to sample the lung microbiota in young children who do not expectorate. This poses substantial challenges to longitudinal study of paediatric airway mi...
Citation: Microbiome 2016 4:37
Our view of host-associated microbiota remains incomplete due to the presence of as yet uncultured constituents. The Bacteroidales family S24-7 is a prominent example of one of these groups. Marker gene surveys i...
Citation: Microbiome 2016 4:36
Citation: Microbiome 2016 4:35
The original article was published in Microbiome 2015 3:55
Upper respiratory infections (URI) and their complications are a major healthcare burden for pediatric populations. Although the microbiology of the nasopharynx is an important determinant of the complications...
Citation: Microbiome 2016 4:34
The fermentation of dietary fiber to various organic acids is a beneficial function provided by the microbiota in the human large intestine. In particular, butyric acid contributes to host health by facilitati...
Citation: Microbiome 2016 4:33
The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) of the National Institutes of Health convened a Working Group on the Microbiome in Cardiovascular, Pulmonary and Hematologic Health and Diseases from June ...
Citation: Microbiome 2016 4:32
The gut microbiota has been shown to be closely associated with human health and disease. While next-generation sequencing can be readily used to profile the microbiota taxonomy and metabolic potential, metapr...
Citation: Microbiome 2016 4:31
Gastrointestinal disturbances are among symptoms commonly reported by individuals diagnosed with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). However, whether ME/CFS is associated with an alter...
Citation: Microbiome 2016 4:30
Recent studies have suggested that bacteria associated with the placenta—a “placental microbiome”—may be important in reproductive health and disease. However, a challenge in working with specimens with low ba...
Citation: Microbiome 2016 4:29
Next-generation 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing is widely used to determine the relative composition of the mammalian gut microbiomes. However, in the absence of a reference, this does not reveal alterations...
Citation: Microbiome 2016 4:28
The increasing awareness of the role of phyllosphere microbial communities in plant health calls for a greater understanding of their structure and dynamics in natural ecosystems. Since most knowledge of tree ...
Citation: Microbiome 2016 4:27
The nasopharynx is a reservoir for pathogens associated with respiratory illnesses, such as asthma. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been used to characterize the nasopharyngeal microbiome during health an...
Citation: Microbiome 2016 4:25
This proof-of-principle study examines whether postnatal, low-dose exposure to environmental chemicals modifies the composition of gut microbiome. Three chemicals that are widely used in personal care products...
Citation: Microbiome 2016 4:26
Periodontal disease is highly prevalent amongst domestic cats, causing pain, gingival bleeding, reduced food intake, loss of teeth and possibly impacts on overall systemic health. Diet has been suggested to pl...
Citation: Microbiome 2016 4:23
The Metagenomics and Metadesign of the Subways and Urban Biomes (MetaSUB) International Consortium is a novel, interdisciplinary initiative comprised of experts across many fields, including genomics, data ana...
Citation: Microbiome 2016 4:24
The Erratum to this article has been published in Microbiome 2016 4:45
For potential future human missions to the Moon or Mars and sustained presence in the International Space Station, a safe enclosed habitat environment for astronauts is required. Potential microbial contaminat...
Citation: Microbiome 2016 4:22
Recent high-throughput sequencing technology has led to an expansion of knowledge regarding the microbial communities (microbiome) across various built environments (BEs). The microbiome of the BE is dependent...
Citation: Microbiome 2016 4:21
Alterations in intestinal microbiota have been correlated with a growing number of diseases. Investigating the faecal microbiota is widely used as a non-invasive and ethically simple proxy for intestinal biops...
Citation: Microbiome 2016 4:19
The 16s rRNA gene is so far the most widely used marker for taxonomical classification and separation of prokaryotes. Since it is universally conserved among prokaryotes, it is possible to use this gene to cla...
Citation: Microbiome 2016 4:18
The development of anti-islet cell autoimmunity precedes clinical type 1 diabetes and occurs very early in life. During this early period, dietary factors strongly impact on the composition of the gut microbio...
Citation: Microbiome 2016 4:17
The epidemiology of bacterial vaginosis (BV) suggests it is sexually transmissible, yet no transmissible agent has been identified. It is probable that BV-associated bacterial communities are transferred from ...
Citation: Microbiome 2016 4:16
In a series of studies of the gut microbiome, “enterotypes” have been used to classify gut microbiome samples that cluster together in ordination analyses. Initially, three distinct enterotypes were described,...
Citation: Microbiome 2016 4:15
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is caused by defects in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2) complex subunits (gp91 phox (a.k.a. Nox2), p47 ...
Citation: Microbiome 2016 4:13
The Neolithic revolution—the transition of our species from hunter and gatherer to cultivator—began approximately 14,000 years ago and is essentially complete for macroscopic food. Humans remain largely pre-Ne...
Citation: Microbiome 2016 4:14
Since 1982, specific serotypes of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) have been recognized as significant foodborne pathogens acquired from contaminated beef and, more recently, other food products. Cat...
Citation: Microbiome 2016 4:9
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the leading infectious cause of nosocomial diarrhea. Hospitalized patients are at increased risk of developing CDI because they are exposed to
Citation: Microbiome 2016 4:12
Assembly of metagenomic sequence data into microbial genomes is of fundamental value to improving our understanding of microbial ecology and metabolism by elucidating the functional potential of hard-to-cultur...
Citation: Microbiome 2016 4:8
Fungi play critical roles in many ecosystems, cause serious diseases in plants and animals, and pose significant threats to human health and structural integrity problems in built environments. While most fung...
Citation: Microbiome 2016 4:11
Citation: Microbiome 2016 4:10
The original article was published in Microbiome 2014 2:42
Architects are enthusiastic about “bioinformed design” as occupant well-being is a primary measure of architectural success. However, architects are also under mounting pressure to create more sustainable buil...
Citation: Microbiome 2016 4:6
Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is a major contributor to respiratory failure requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation. LRTI also occurs during mechanical ventilation, increasing the morbidity ...
Citation: Microbiome 2016 4:7
Citation: Microbiome 2016 4:5
The original article was published in Microbiome 2015 3:24
Citation: Microbiome 2016 4:4
The original article was published in Microbiome 2015 3:59
While 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing has been used to characterize the lung’s bacterial microbiota in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals, taxonomic studies provide limited information...
Citation: Microbiome 2016 4:3
Metatranscriptomics is emerging as a powerful technology for the functional characterization of complex microbial communities (microbiomes). Use of unbiased RNA-sequencing can reveal both the taxonomic composi...
Citation: Microbiome 2016 4:2
Human milk is an important source of bacteria for the developing infant and has been shown to influence the bacterial composition of the neonate, which in turn can affect disease risk later in life. Very littl...
Citation: Microbiome 2016 4:1
A variety of different sampling devices are currently available to acquire air samples for the study of the microbiome of the air. All have a degree of technical complexity that limits deployment. Here, we eva...
Citation: Microbiome 2015 3:79
Each day people are exposed to millions of bioaerosols, including whole microorganisms, which can have both beneficial and detrimental effects. The next chapter in understanding the airborne microbiome of the ...
Citation: Microbiome 2015 3:78
Citation: Microbiome 2015 3:77
The original article was published in Microbiome 2015 3:40
The Tasmanian devil, the world’s largest carnivorous marsupial, is at risk of extinction due to devil facial tumour disease (DFTD), a fatal contagious cancer. The Save the Tasmanian Devil Program has establish...
Citation: Microbiome 2015 3:76
Westernized lifestyle and hygienic behavior have contributed to dramatic changes in the human-associated microbiota. This particularly relates to indoor activities such as house cleaning. We therefore investig...
Citation: Microbiome 2015 3:65
The etiology of dental caries is multifactorial, but frequent consumption of free sugars, notably sucrose, appears to be a major factor driving the supragingival microbiota in the direction of dysbiosis. Recen...
Citation: Microbiome 2015 3:69
Fecal microbiota transplantation is an effective treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection and is being investigated as a treatment for other microbiota-associated diseases. To facilitate these a...
Citation: Microbiome 2015 3:75
The microbiome of the built environment (MoBE) is a relatively new area of study. While some knowledge has been gained regarding impacts of the MoBE on the human microbiome and disease vulnerability, there is ...
Citation: Microbiome 2015 3:60
Viral infections such as influenza have been shown to predispose hosts to increased colonization of the respiratory tract by pathogenic bacteria and secondary bacterial pneumonia. To examine how viral infectio...
Citation: Microbiome 2015 3:74
Aphids are known to live in symbiosis with specific bacteria, called endosymbionts which can be classified as obligate or accessory. Buchnera aphidicola is generally the only obligatory symbiont present in aphids...
Citation: Microbiome 2015 3:63
The quantified self community brings together enthusiasts who are using technological devices to monitor their health and social media to share their personal data with others online. In light of the growing p...
Citation: Microbiome 2015 3:70
The study of the microbial communities in the built environment is of critical importance as humans spend the majority of their time indoors. While the microorganisms in living spaces, especially those in the ...
Citation: Microbiome 2015 3:61
We previously showed that stool samples of pre-adolescent and adolescent US children diagnosed with diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D) had different compositions of microbiota and metabolites compared to healthy...
Citation: Microbiome 2015 3:73
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