Shamarina D, Stoyantcheva I, Mason CE, Bibby K, Elhaik E. Communicating the promise, risks, and ethics of large-scale, open space microbiome and metagenome research. Microbiome. 2017;5(1):132. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-017-0349-4.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Erlich Y. A vision for ubiquitous sequencing. Genome Res. 2015;25(10):1411–6. https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.191692.115.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Mason CE, Porter SG, Smith TM. Characterizing multi-omic data in systems biology. In: Maltsev N, Rzhetsky A, Gilliam TC, editors. Systems Analysis of Human Multigene Disorders. New York: Springer New York; 2014. p. 15–38.
Chapter
Google Scholar
Hawkins AK, O’Doherty KC. “Who owns your poop?”: insights regarding the intersection of human microbiome research and the ELSI aspects of biobanking and related studies. BMC Med Genomics. 2011;4(1):72. https://doi.org/10.1186/1755-8794-4-72.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Green RC, Lautenbach D, McGuire AL. GINA, genetic discrimination, and genomic medicine. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(5):397–9. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1404776.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pub. L. No. 110–233, 122 Stat. 881. In. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-110publ233/pdf/PLAW-110publ233.pdf (Accessed 4 Nov 2019); 2008.
Collins FS, Varmus H. A New Initiative on Precision Medicine. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(9):793–5. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1500523.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Edwards E: Hospital investigates release of DNA samples to research firm. In: The Irish Times. https://www.irishtimes.com/news/health/hospital-investigates-release-of-dna-samples-to-research-firm-1.3773529 (Last Accessed 15 Feb 2021); 2019.
The European Parliament and the Council of the EU: Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament of the Council. In: Official Journal of the European Union. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32016R0679&from=EN#d1e2051-1-1 (Last Accessed 15 Feb 2021); 2016.
Molnár-Gábor F, Korbel JO. Genomic data sharing in Europe is stumbling—Could a code of conduct prevent its fall? EMBO Molecular Medicine. 2020;12(3):e11421. https://doi.org/10.15252/emmm.201911421.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Tiller J, Morris S, Rice T, Barter K, Riaz M, Keogh L, et al. Genetic discrimination by Australian insurance companies: a survey of consumer experiences. Eur J Hum Genet. 2020;28(1):108–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41431-019-0426-1.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Katz V. United States, 389 U.S. 347; 1967.
Google Scholar
Turnbaugh PJ, Ley RE, Hamady M, Fraser-Liggett CM, Knight R, Gordon JI. The human microbiome project. Nature. 2007;449(7164):804–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06244.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Danko DC, Bezdan D, Afshinnekoo E, Ahsanuddin S, Alicea J, Bhattacharya C, Bhattacharyya M, Blekhman R, Butler DJ, Castro-Nallar E et al: Global genetic cartography of urban metagenomes and anti-microbial resistance. Cell (in Press) 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2021.05.002.
Bouslimani A, Porto C, Rath CM, Wang M, Guo Y, Gonzalez A, et al. Molecular cartography of the human skin surface in 3D. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2015;112(17):E2120–9. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1424409112.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Afshinnekoo E, Meydan C, Chowdhury S, Jaroudi D, Boyer C, Bernstein N, et al. Geospatial resolution of human and bacterial diversity with city-scale metagenomics. Cell Systems. 2015;1(1):72–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cels.2015.01.001.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Thompson LR, Sanders JG, McDonald D, Amir A, Ladau J, Locey KJ, et al. A communal catalogue reveals Earth’s multiscale microbial diversity. Nature. 2017;551(7681):457–63. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature24621.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Shapiro E: How a DNA database’s new policy is changing police access and could hinder solving cold cases. In. https://abcnews.go.com/US/leave-murderer-running-streets-dna-databases-policy-changing/story?id=63150489 (Last Accessed 5 Nov 2019): ABC News; 2019.
Gymrek M, McGuire AL, Golan D, Halperin E, Erlich Y. Identifying personal genomes by surname inference. Science. 2013;339(6117):321–4. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1229566.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Claerhout S, Roelens J, Van der Haegen M, Verstraete P, Larmuseau MHD, Decorte R. Ysurnames? The patrilineal Y-chromosome and surname correlation for DNA kinship research. Forensic Sci Int Genet. 2020;44:102204.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Ney P, Ceze L, Kohno T. Genotype extraction and false relative attacks: security risks to third-party genetic genealogy services beyond identity inference. In: Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS); 2020.
Google Scholar
Ortyl E. DNA and the Fourth Amendment: would a defendant succeed on a challenge to a familial DNA search? Am J Law Med. 2019;45(4):421–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/0098858819892746.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mason-Buck G, Graf A, Elhaik E, Robinson J, Pospiech E, Oliveira M, et al. DNA based methods in intelligence-moving towards metagenomics. Preprints. 2020;2020020158.
Schloissnig S, Arumugam M, Sunagawa S, Mitreva M, Tap J, Zhu A, et al. Genomic variation landscape of the human gut microbiome. Nature. 2012;493:45.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Haag M: FamilyTreeDNA admits to sharing genetic data with F.B.I. In: The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/04/business/family-tree-dna-fbi.html (Last Accessed 17 Feb 2021); 2019.
Fierer N, Lauber CL, Zhou N, McDonald D, Costello EK, Knight R. Forensic identification using skin bacterial communities. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2010;107(14):6477–81. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1000162107.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lax S, Hampton-Marcell JT, Gibbons SM, Colares GB, Smith D, Eisen JA, et al. Forensic analysis of the microbiome of phones and shoes. Microbiome. 2015;3(1):21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-015-0082-9.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Guttenbach M, Koschorz B, Bernthaler U, Grimm T, Schmid M. Sex chromosome loss and aging: in situ hybridization studies on human interphase nuclei. Am J Hum Genet. 1995;57(5):1143–50.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Naue J, Hoefsloot HCJ, Mook ORF, Rijlaarsdam-Hoekstra L, van der Zwalm MCH, Henneman P, et al. Chronological age prediction based on DNA methylation: Massive parallel sequencing and random forest regression. Forensic Sci Int Genet. 2017;31:19–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2017.07.015.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Huang S, Haiminen N, Carrieri A-P, Hu R, Jiang L, Parida L, et al. Human skin, oral, and gut microbiomes predict chronological age. mSystems. 2020;5(1):e00630–19.
Article
Google Scholar
Liu J, Morgan M, Hutchison K, Calhoun VD. A Study of the Influence of Sex on Genome Wide Methylation. PLOS ONE. 2010;5(4):e10028. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0010028.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Tridico SR, Murray DC, Addison J, Kirkbride KP, Bunce M. Metagenomic analyses of bacteria on human hairs: a qualitative assessment for applications in forensic science. Investig Genet. 2014;5(1):16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13323-014-0016-5.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Haro C, Rangel-Zúñiga OA, Alcalá-Díaz JF, Gómez-Delgado F, Pérez-Martínez P, Delgado-Lista J, et al. Intestinal microbiota is influenced by gender and body mass index. PloS one. 2016;11(5):e0154090. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154090.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Luongo JC, Barberán A, Hacker-Cary R, Morgan EE, Miller SL, Fierer N. Microbial analyses of airborne dust collected from dormitory rooms predict the sex of occupants. Indoor Air. 2017;27(2):338–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/ina.12302.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Elhaik E. Empirical distributions of FST from large-scale human polymorphism data. PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e49837. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049837.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Fettweis JM, Brooks JP, Serrano MG, Sheth NU, Girerd PH, Edwards DJ, et al. Consortium tVM, Jefferson KK, Buck GA: Differences in vaginal microbiome in African American women versus women of European ancestry. Microbiology. 2014;160(10):2272–82. https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.081034-0.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Elhaik E, Yusuf L, Anderson AIJ, Pirooznia M, Arnellos D, Vilshansky G, et al. The Diversity of REcent and Ancient huMan (DREAM): a new microarray for genetic anthropology and genealogy, forensics, and personalized medicine. Genome Biol Evol. 2017;9(12):3225–37. https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evx237.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Elhaik E, Tatarinova T, Chebotarev D, Piras IS, Maria Calò C, De Montis A, et al. Geographic population structure analysis of worldwide human populations infers their biogeographical origins. Nat Commun. 2014;5:1–12.
Article
Google Scholar
Marshall S, Das R, Pirooznia M, Elhaik E. Reconstructing Druze population history. Sci Rep. 2016;6(1):35837. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep35837.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Das R, Wexler P, Pirooznia M, Elhaik E: The origins of Ashkenaz, Ashkenazic Jews, and Yiddish. Front Genet 2017, 8(87).
CCarress H, Lawson D, Elhaik E. Population genetic considerations for using biobanks as international resources in the pandemic era and beyond. BMC Genomics. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07618-x.
Habtom H, Pasternak Z, Matan O, Azulay C, Gafny R, Jurkevitch E. Applying microbial biogeography in soil forensics. Forensic Sci Int Genet. 2019;38:195–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2018.11.010.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hellmér M, Paxéus N, Magnius L, Enache L, Arnholm B, Johansson A, et al. Detection of pathogenic viruses in sewage provided early warnings of hepatitis A virus and norovirus outbreaks. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2014;80(21):6771–81. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01981-14.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Reese AT, Savage A, Youngsteadt E, McGuire KL, Koling A, Watkins O, et al. Urban stress is associated with variation in microbial species composition—but not richness—in Manhattan. ISME J. 2016;10(3):751–60. https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2015.152.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Arenas M, Pereira F, Oliveira M, Pinto N, Lopes AM, Gomes V, et al. Forensic genetics and genomics: Much more than just a human affair. PLoS Genet. 2017;13(9):e1006960. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1006960.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Trinh P, Zaneveld JR, Safranek S, Rabinowitz PM: One health relationships between human, animal, and environmental microbiomes: a mini-review. Front Public Health 2018, 6(235).
Robinson JM, Pasternak Z, Mason CE, Elhaik E: Forensic applications of microbiomics: a review. Front microbiol 2021, 11(3455).
The GTEx Consortium. The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) pilot analysis: Multitissue gene regulation in humans. Science. 2015;348(6235):648–60. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1262110.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Edqvist P-HD, Fagerberg L, Hallström BM, Danielsson A, Edlund K, Uhlén M, et al. Expression of human skin-specific genes defined by transcriptomics and antibody-based profiling. J Histochem Cytochem. 2015;63(2):129–41. https://doi.org/10.1369/0022155414562646.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Polak P, Karlić R, Koren A, Thurman R, Sandstrom R, Lawrence MS, et al. Cell-of-origin chromatin organization shapes the mutational landscape of cancer. Nature. 2015;518(7539):360–4. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14221.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Franzosa EA, Huang K, Meadow JF, Gevers D, Lemon KP, Bohannan BJM, et al. Identifying personal microbiomes using metagenomic codes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2015;112(22):E2930–8. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1423854112.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mar Rodríguez M, Pérez D, Javier Chaves F, Esteve E, Marin-Garcia P, Xifra G, et al. Obesity changes the human gut mycobiome. Sci Rep. 2015;5(1):14600. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep14600.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Shoaie S, Ghaffari P, Kovatcheva-Datchary P, Mardinoglu A, Sen P, Pujos-Guillot E, et al. Quantifying diet-induced metabolic changes of the human gut microbiome. Cell Metab. 2015;22(2):320–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2015.07.001.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Santacruz A, Collado MC, Garcia-Valdes L, Segura M, Martin-Lagos J, Anjos T, et al. Gut microbiota composition is associated with body weight, weight gain and biochemical parameters in pregnant women. Br J Nutr. 2010;104(1):83–92. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114510000176.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Edwards SM, Cunningham SA, Dunlop AL, Corwin EJ. The maternal gut microbiome during pregnancy. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. 2017;42(6):310–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMC.0000000000000372.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Wang C-Y, Yeh J-K, Shie S-S, Hsieh I-C, Wen M-S. Circadian rhythm of RNA N6-methyladenosine and the role of cryptochrome. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2015;465(1):88–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.07.135.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chen C, Hemme C, Beleno J, Shi ZJ, Ning D, Qin Y, et al. Oral microbiota of periodontal health and disease and their changes after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. ISME J. 2018;12(5):1210–24. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-017-0037-1.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Fan X, Alekseyenko AV, Wu J, Peters BA, Jacobs EJ, Gapstur SM, et al. Human oral microbiome and prospective risk for pancreatic cancer: a population-based nested case-control study. Gut. 2018;67(1):120–7. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312580.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lichinchi G, Gao S, Saletore Y, Gonzalez GM, Bansal V, Wang Y, et al. Dynamics of the human and viral m6A RNA methylomes during HIV-1 infection of T cells. Nature Microbiol. 2016;1(4):16011. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.11.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Pena A: Company uses aerial footage technology to fight crime. In: CBS News. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/company-uses-aerial-footage-technology-to-fight-crime/ (Last Accessed 8 Nov 2019); 2015.
Thompson SA, Warzel C: Twelve million phones, one dataset, zero privacy. In. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/12/19/opinion/location-tracking-cell-phone.html (Last Accessed 5 Mar 2020): The New York Times; 2019.
Carpenter v. United States, 585 U.S. (2018). https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/585/16-402/. Accessed 10 May 2021.
Duhigg C: How Companies Learn Your Secrets. In: New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/19/magazine/shopping-habits.html (Last Accessed 4 Nov 2019); 2012.
Frumkin D, Wasserstrom A, Davidson A, Grafit A. Authentication of forensic DNA samples. Forensic Sci Int Genet. 2010;4(2):95–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2009.06.009.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hillis WD, Myhrvold NP, Wilson R. System for obfuscating identity. In: Google Patents; 2015.
Google Scholar
Doudna JA, Charpentier E. The new frontier of genome engineering with CRISPR-Cas9. Science. 2014;346(6213):1258096. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1258096.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hilton IB, D’Ippolito AM, Vockley CM, Thakore PI, Crawford GE, Reddy TE, et al. Epigenome editing by a CRISPR-Cas9-based acetyltransferase activates genes from promoters and enhancers. Nat Biotechnol. 2015;33(5):510–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3199.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Barbaro A, Cormaci P, Teatino A, La Marca A, Barbaro A. Anonymous letters? DNA and fingerprints technologies combined to solve a case. Forensic Sci Int. 2004;146:S133–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.09.039.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lowe v. Atlas Logistics Group Retail Services. In: F Supp 3d. vol. 102: Dist. Court, ND Georgia; 2015: 1360.
111th Congress: Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. In: Compilation of Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. http://housedocs.house.gov/energycommerce/ppacacon.pdf (Last Accessed 16 Feb 2021); 2010.
California State Senate: SB-559 Discrimination: genetic information. In. http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/11-12/bill/sen/sb_0551-0600/sb_559_bill_20110906_chaptered.pdf (Last Accessed 7 Nov 2019); 2011.
California State Senate: SB-980 California Genetic Information Privacy Act (“GIPA”). In. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB980 (Last Accessed 17 Feb 2021); 2020.