Fig. 1

CS separated the bacterial community of GS but not that of RS, ZS, or FS. a The copy number of the thaxtomin biosynthetic gene, txtAB, was significantly higher for GS in the H group than in the L group. Differences between high and low scab severity levels were observed in b bacterial 16S copy numbers, c OTU numbers, and d–h the principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) of bacterial community compositions in GS, but no significant differences were observed in RS, ZS, or FS. The error bars indicate the SD of three replicates, and asterisks indicate statistical significance (two-tailed Wilcoxon test, *P < 0.05). The dissimilarity of bacterial compositions at the OTU level was visualized by PCoA based on the Bray-Curtis metric. Triangles denote samples in group H (GSH, RSH, ZSH, and FSH; No. 1 to No. 5; high scab severity levels), and circles denote samples in group L (GSL, RSL, ZSL, and FSL; No. 6 to No. 10; low scab severity levels). Group H is shown colored in red, and group L is shown in green (a–h, except d). In (d), GS, RS, ZS, and FS are shown in blue, green, red, and orange, respectively