Fig. 4

Altitude-associated changes in microbial genes summarized in KO genes and KEGG pathway modules. A Heat maps of 146 significantly differential KO genes between Han4k_6m and Han1k_KP and Han4k_d3m and Han4k_6m. KO genes annotated in the same modules are clustered and marked. Heat maps are scaled by row. B Representative KO genes appearing in A are shown in pathway modules modified from KEGG pathway maps “Glycolysis,” “Lysine biosynthesis,” “Threonine biosynthesis,” “Shikimate pathway,” “Tryptophan biosynthesis,” “Menaquinone biosynthesis,” “Ubiquinone biosynthesis,” Heme biosynthesis,” “GABA biosynthesis,” “Trans-cinnamate degradation,” and “Ascorbate degradation.” Each box in a pathway represents a KO gene and is marked in red for elevation in Han4k_6m or in blue for depletion in Han1k_KP and Han4k_d3m. Black dots in each pathway represent intermediate metabolites. The statistical significance between two groups is marked by plus signs. The q values < 0.05 denoted as “ + ”; the q values < 0.01 denoted as “ +  + ”; the q values < 0.001 denoted as “ +  +  + ”