Fig. 2

Distinct taxonomic signatures associated with the acute response, acclimatization, and deacclimatization. A In total, 296 differentially abundant species are displayed in a phylogenetic tree, primarily clustered within the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria. The outer circles indicate species that are significantly enriched (orange) or depleted (green) in the group before “vs.” The innermost circle shows the average relative abundance of species across all samples. B The differentially enriched species in Tibetan4k_NP compared to Han1k_KP with the top 20 significance levels were displayed. The statistical significance of Tibetan4k_NP compared to both Han1k_KP and Han1k_HP is indicated above the box plots using regular plus signs. C The differentially enriched species in both Han1k_KP and Han1k_HP compared to Tibetan4k_NP with top 20 significance. The statistical significance of Han1k_KP and Han1k_HP compared to Tibetan4k_NP is indicated above the box plots using regular plus signs. In B and C, the statistical significance of Han1k_KP compared to Han1k_HP is indicated by italic plus signs. D Significantly differential species between Han1k_KP and Han4k_w. E Heat maps of significantly differential species increased in Han4k_6m and Tibetan4k_NP compared to Han1k_KP, while decreased in Han4k_d3m compared to Han4k_6m. F Heat maps of significantly differential species decreased in Han4k_6m and Tibetan4k_NP compared to Han1k_KP, while increased in Han4k_d3m compared to Han4k_6m. Heat maps are scaled by row. The statistical significance of species between two groups is marked by plus signs. The q value < 0.05 denoted as “ + ”; the q value < 0.01 denoted as “ +  + ”; the q value < 0.001 denoted as “ +  +  + ”