Fig. 1

Assessment of lung and gut microbiome in LPS-induced ALI mice model. A Design of the animal LPS experiment. The mice were intratracheally administrated with LPS (lipopolysaccharide, 0.5 mg/kg), and then the microbial community compositions in lung and gut were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing 3 days later. B Schematic representation of specimen’s collection for testing. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), intact lung tissue [lung(i)], and lung tissue after perfused [lung(p)] were collected to assess lung microbiome, and feces were collected for the assessment of gut microbiome. The potential connections among these specimens were determined. C Representative H&E staining of lung tissues in the mice treated with LPS or PBS. Scale bar, 100 μm. D and E The BALF were obtained to determine the D cell count and E protein concentration (n = 10 for each group). **Indicated P < 0.01. F The DNA extraction quality of the lung and gut specimens. A and B represent the correct size of the target band of the PCR product, and the concentration is appropriate or slightly lower, which can be used for subsequent experiments. C represents the target band of the PCR product that was too weak or not detected for subsequent experiments (n = 9–11 mice in indicated group)