Fig. 6

Synergistic responses between M. alpina and the host resulted in an increase in drought resistance in wheat. a Gene Ontology analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in cluster 6 in order to identify enriched biological processes, which highlighted a group of abiotic stress response-related and kinase activity that are well known to promote plant responses to drought stress. b Heatmaps constructed using gene expression values (normalized log₂ fold change values) obtained from RNA-Seq data. The gene IDs of DEGs involved in kinase activity and responses to abiotic stress are shown in Table S14. The asterisk displays the difference reached statistical significance (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01) in M. alpina, E. nigrum, or SynCom-2 in contrast to control. c Relative expression levels (2^−ΔΔCT) obtained by quantitative real-time PCR analysis