Fig. 4

Contributions of the survival and suppression of residents and invaders to invasion impacts. Regression analyses showing the relationship between changes in diversity (between coalescent communities and uninvaded controls) and the suppression rate of the resident community (a), and the survival rate of the invasive community (number survived invaders / total number species in invasive communities) (b). Regression analyses showing the relationship between the compositional shift between coalescent communities and uninvaded controls and the suppression rate of the resident community (c), and the survival rate of the invasive community (d) within 60 days. The percentage of changes in richness and the dissimilarities (based on weighted UniFrac distance) in compositional shifts of the coalescent communities were calculated in relation to the uninvaded control for each sampling time. Changes in diversity between coalescent communities and uninvaded controls were calculated according to the formula: [(richness coalescent community - richness uninvaded control)/richness uninvaded control]). The suppression rate of the resident community refers to the number of suppressed residents divided by the total number of residents in uninvaded control. The survival rate of the invasive community refers to the number of survived invaders divided by the total number of species in invasive communities