Fig. 2

The rate of acceleration in biological age, as assessed by epigenetic clocks, corresponds to other established and emerging methods for measuring biological aging. A Spearman's rank correlation heatmap displaying the correlations between telomere lengths in blood (rows) and DNA methylation-based biological aging in blood, ileum, and colon (columns), as gauged by various epigenetic clocks including Horvath1, Horvath2, Hannum, PhenoAge, DNAmTL, and GrimAge. Positive and negative correlations are illustrated in red and blue, respectively. B Dot plots depict elevated inflammatory markers in plasma for PLWH on ART compared to PLWoH. Data is represented by medians and interquartile ranges (IQR), with each dot signifying an individual. Comparisons were drawn using the Mann–Whitney U test. C Heatmaps of Spearman’s rank correlations between plasma-based inflammatory markers of aging (rows) and accelerated epigenetic age in blood, ileum, and colon (columns), as estimated by the indicated epigenetic clocks. Positive and negative correlations are illustrated in red and blue, respectively. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001