Fig. 3

Inhibitory synaptic transmission dysfunction in the hippocampus dentate gyrus (DG) of 16p11.2\({}^{+/-}\) mice. A Hippocampal neurons in 16p11.2\({}^{+/-}\) mice were hyperactivated after the TCT. The red puncta indicate c-Fos⁺ neurons in the DG of hippocampus. Scale bar: 30 μm. B Quantification of the numbers of c-Fos⁺ neurons (WT: n = 6 mice; 16p11.2\({}^{+/-}\): n = 5 mice. Student’s t test). C Representative sIPSCs traces from granule cells in hippocampus. Scale bars: 5 s, 10 pA. D Cumulative distribution of sIPSCs amplitude (WT: n = 914 events from 9 cells of 3 mice; 16p11.2\({}^{+/-}\): n = 556 events from 6 cells of 5 mice. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test). E Cumulative distribution of sIPSCs frequency (WT: n = 914 events from 9 cells of 3 mice; 16p11.2\({}^{+/-}\): n = 556 events from 6 cells of 5 mice. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test). F High-magnification confocal planes of VGLUT1-expressing perisomatic puncta on neurons of WT and 16p11.2\({}^{+/-}\) mice. Scale bar: 5 μm. G Graph showing the density of VGLUT1 puncta on the perisomatic region of hippocampal neurons (WT: n = 33 cells from 3 mice; 16p11.2\({}^{+/-}\): n = 31 cells from 3 mice. Student’s t test). H GAD65/67 immunoreactivity in the hippocampus of WT and 16p11.2\({}^{+/-}\) mice. I Graph showing the density of GAD65/67 puncta on the perisomatic region of hippocampal neurons (WT: n = 20 cells from 3 mice; 16p11.2\({}^{+/-}\): n = 22 cells from 3 mice. Student’s t test). J The level of glutamate (Glu) in hippocampus of mice was detected (WT: n = 7 mice; 16p11.2\({}^{+/-}\): n = 6 mice. Student’s t test). K The level of GABA in hippocampus of mice was detected (WT: n = 8 mice; 16p11.2\({}^{+/-}\): n = 7 mice. Student’s t test). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and n.s.: not significant. Detailed statistical information is presented in Additional file 2: Table S1