Fig. 4
Indole derivatives alleviate intestinal inflammation in IL-10−/− mice. Six-week-old IL-10−/− (KO) mice were orally gavaged daily with or without ILA (20 mg/kg), IPA (40 mg/kg), or IAA (40 mg/kg) for 4 weeks (n = 4). Congenic wild-type (WT) mice were also gavaged daily for 4 weeks as negative controls. A Colonic mRNA expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-1β) (n = 4) by RT-qPCR. B The levels of TNF-α and LPS in the colon (n = 4) using ELISA. C PCoA plot of the Bray–Curtis distance of the colonic microbiota among different groups of mice. D Heatmap showing the relative abundance of different bacterial genera. E Co-occurrence network analysis of bacterial genera among different groups of mice. Edges representing significant SparCC correlations indicate |r|> 0.6 and p < 0.05. Each light blue line represents a significant negative correlation, while each light red line represents a significant positive correlation. The size of the points represents the degree of the node. The thickness of the line is proportional to the degree of correlation. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, not significant