Table 1 Prevalence and distribution of linezolid resistance genes in various niches
Source | No. of samples | Prevalence % (95% CI) | Distribution of the optrA carriers | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
optrA | poxtA | cfr | cfr(D) | cfr(B/C/E) | Enterococcus | Lactococcus | Vagococcus | Streptococcus | Aerococcus | Globicatella | No. of strains | No. of samples | ||
human faeces | 1018 | 19.3%(16.95%-21.79%) | 2.3%(1.51%-3.37%) | 0.3%(3.15%-18.84%) | 0.5%(0.21%-1.14%) | 0.0%(0%-0.38%) | 227 | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 231 | 196 |
retail meat | 90 | 80.0%(70.59%-86.96%) | 2.2%(0.61%-7.74%) | 1.1%(0.2%-6.03%) | 4.4%(1.74%-10.87%) | 0.0%(0%-4.09%) | 76 | 2 | - | - | - | - | 78 | 72 |
clonal swab of chicken | 100 | 61.0%(51.2%-69.98%) | 2.0%(0.55%-7.00%) | 1.0%(0.18%-5.45%) | 4.0%(1.57%-9.84%) | 0.0%(0%-3.70%) | 72 | - | 1 | - | - | - | 73 | 61 |
duck faeces | 100 | 62.0%(52.21%-70.9%) | 6.0%(2.78%-12.48%) | 2.0%(0.55%-7.00%) | 13.0%(7.76%-20.98%) | 0.0%(0%-3.70%) | 88 | - | 6 | 1 | 1 | - | 96 | 62 |
pig faeces | 100 | 100.0%(96.3%-100%) | 12.0%(7.00%-19.81%) | 19%(12.51%-27.78%) | 17%(10.89%-25.55%) | 0.0%(0%-3.70%) | 172 | 5 | 11 | 1 | - | 1 | 190 | 100 |
intestinal contents of fish | 80 | 77.5%(67.21%-85.27%) | 15.0%(8.79%-24.41%) | 0.0%(0%-3.7%) | 1.3%(0.22%-6.75%) | 0.0%(0%-4.58%) | 31 | 48 | 2 | - | - | - | 81 | 62 |
surface water | 50 | 38.0%(25.86%-51.85%) | 8.0%(3.15%-18.84%) | 2.0%(0.35%-10.5%) | 0.0%(0%-7.13%) | 0.0%(0%-7.13%) | 23 | 1 | - | - | - | - | 24 | 19 |
total | 1538 | 37.2%(34.81%-39.63%) | 4.0%(3.15%-18.84%) | 1.8%(1.21%-2.55%) | 2.9%(2.14%-3.82%) | 0.0%(0%-0.25%) | 689 | 58 | 21 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 773 | 572 |
Source | Distribution of the poxtA carriers | Distribution of the cfr carriers | Distribution of the cfr(D) carriers | Total No.of florfenicol-resistant strains | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Enterococcus | Lactococcus | Ligilactobacillus | No. of strains | No. of samples | Enterococcus | No. of strains | No. of samples | Enterococcus | Vagococcus | Streptococcus | No. of strains | No. of samples | ||
human faeces | 22 | - | 1 | 23 | 23 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 5 | - | - | 5 | 5 | 245 |
retail meat | 2 | - | - | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | - | - | 4 | 4 | 78 |
clonal swab of chicken | 2 | - | - | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | - | 4 | 4 | 74 |
duck faeces | 6 | - | - | 6 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 12 | - | 1 | 14 | 13 | 102 |
pig faeces | 13 | 1 | - | 14 | 12 | 21 | 21 | 19 | 11 | 6 | - | 17 | 17 | 191 |
intestinal contents of fish | 10 | 2 | - | 12 | 12 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 82 |
surface water | 4 | - | - | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 24 |
total | 59 | 3 | 1 | 63 | 61 | 29 | 29 | 27 | 36 | 7 | 1 | 45 | 44 | 796 |