Fig. 2
From: Gut microbiota modulation enhances the immune capacity of lizards under climate warming
Long-term warming enhances immune capacity and concentrations of SCFAs in lizards. P represents present climate. W represents warming climate. The significance of warming effects was evaluated by a two-sided Wilcoxon rank sum test. NS non-significant; * P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. a Tissue sections of the ileal mucosa in the 27-month group of lizards. b, c The ileal villus height and mucosal thickness in the 27-month group of lizards. d, e Antibacterial activity of serum against Escherichia coli and Aeromonas hydrophila in the 27-month group of lizards. f–j The expression of MYD88, TNFα, IL-1β, TRIF, and IFNβ in the intestines of the 27-month group of lizards. k, l The concentrations of six short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in lizard fecal