Fig. 1

The abundance of D. vulgaris is enriched in the feces of UC patients and associated with disease severity. A The relative abundance of D. vulgaris in stool samples from UC patients (n = 37) and HC (n = 22). B Representative endoscopic images and histological pictures from UC patients with relatively high or low D. vulgaris. Scale bars, 100 µm. C–F Correlation analysis of the relationship between relative abundance of D. vulgaris and Mayo clinical score, n = 37 (C), FC, n = 33 (D), CRP, n = 33 (E), and ESR, n = 31 (F) in UC patients. All data are presented as mean ± SEM. **P < 0.01. Two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test in A; Spearman correlation analysis in C–F