Fig. 4

Antibiotic pretreatment aggravated the FMT-dd induced dyslipidemia in mice under HD. a Experiment workflow. b The serum TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C levels. c Liver index level. d The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes among the NC, FMT-dd + ND, and FMT-dd + HD groups. e, f The fold change of differential genera in NC and FMT-dd + ND groups as well as in FMT-dd + ND and FMT-dd + HD groups (FC > 2 or FC < 0.5, p < 0.05). g The α-diversity among the three groups. h, i Volcano plots of differential metabolites in NC and FMT-dd + ND groups as well as in FMT-dd + ND and FMT-dd + HD groups, yellow represents downregulated differential metabolites, purple for upregulated differential metabolites (FC > 2 or FC < 0.5, p < 0.05). j Significantly changed pathway between the FMT-dd + ND and FMT-dd + HD groups. Differences of data were calculated by the unpaired T-test and one-way ANOVA in the GraphPad software. All box and whiskers plots showed the box (min to max), the median value (in the transverse line), and the whiskers (go down to the smallest value and up to the largest). Source data are provided as a Source data file. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Normal control group (NC); antibiotics (AT); fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT); normal diet (ND); high-fat diet (HD); total cholesterol (TC); triglycerides (TG); high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C); low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C); fold change (FC)