Fig. 4

Dated phylogenetic tree of true bug families and the corresponding heatmap of their symbiotic bacterial communities at the family level. Colored circles indicate the bootstrap support values. Timescale in millions of years (bottom) are estimated by 10 fossil records. The number of species sampled within each family is indicated in parentheses. The light green block on the phylogenetic tree stands for the early Cretaceous which lasts from about 144.2 to 98.9 mya. The heatmap represents the most abundant 19 symbiotic bacteria families which are one-to-one matched with the phylogenetic tree