Fig. 3

The factors that influence symbiotic fungal communities. The samples grouped in the fungal community analyses are the same as those grouped in bacteria. The alpha diversity results of symbiotic fungal communities are shown by the Shannon index (a, b) and are tested the differences by the Kruskal–Wallis test. The beta diversity results are calculated using the weighted Unifrac distance and displayed by the PCoA plot, the confidence ellipsoids (confidence level = 0.95) of different locations are provided by dotted lines (c). The sample groups are marked according to insect superfamilies (colors) or sample locations (geometrical shape). The Mantel test (d, e) and the Procrustes test (f, g) are displayed at the bottom half. If p < 0.05, it could be regarded that the symbiotic bacterial communities are related to the host genetic distance or the sample geographical distance