Fig. 1

Comparison of the gut microbes in wild and cultured gastropod samples. a Venn diagram of the “core” microbes shared in wild-caught and cultured freshwater gastropods. At the genus level, 3 microbes that were shared among all snail species were defined as core microbes. b Rank abundance plot of the top 20 OTUs in wild and cultured gastropods. Core indicates sequences of core microbes. Noncore indicates sequences of noncore microbes but without unknown sequences. c Comparison of the OTU number of “core” microbes between wild and cultured samples. d Shannon diversity. e Distances shown in the PCoA plot are based on binary Jaccard. f–g Relative abundance and PCA are based on Aeromonas. h–i Relative abundance and PCA are based on Cloacibacterium. j–k Relative abundance and PCA are based on Cetobacterium. Cultured snails refer to the laboratory snail reared under laboratory conditions