Table 1 Proposed roles for the homologs of reference QS proteins found within the oral biofilm microbiota
From: Bacterial quorum sensing orchestrates longitudinal interactions to shape microbiota assembly
Signal | Reference protein | Mapped genus (top 5) | Possible roles regulated by the QS circuit | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AP1 | GP | MP | |||
AP specific | |||||
 AIP_Agr-Fsr_Like | AgrD synthase (Streptococcus pneumoniae R6) | Streptococcus | \ | \ | Virulence (proteases), biofilms (as in Enterococcus faecalis) [47, 48] Competence, biofilms (as in Streptococcus spp) [49, 50] Adhesion, bacteriocin production (Lactobacillus spp.) [51, 52] Virulence (hemolysins, surface proteins) (as in Staphylococcus spp.) [53, 54] |
AgrC receptor (Streptococcus pneumoniae R6) | Streptococcus | Streptococcus | Streptococcus | ||
 Lantibiotics | NisA synthase (step 1) (Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis) | Lactococcus Streptomyces Bacillus | \ | \ | Antimicrobial peptides [55]; Activation of autoinduction process and its siblings [56] Inter- and intraspecies signaling molecule [56] |
CylM; NisC peptide processor (Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis) | Streptococcus | Streptococcus | Streptococcus | ||
NisK receptor (two components) | Streptococcus Unclassified Firmicutes | Streptococcus Clostridium Peptoniphilus | Streptococcus Unclassified Firmicutes Tepidibacter Peptostreptococcus Unclassified Oscillospiraceae | ||
 Bacteriocin-II | CbnS synthase (Carnobacterium maltaromaticum) | Streptococcus | Streptococcus Prevotella | Prevotella | Serving as toxins in interference competition, preventing the invasion of other species, and enabling the producer strain to establish itself in a new community (as in oral Streptococci) [57,58,59] |
CbnK receptor (two components) | Streptococcus | Streptococcus Mogibacterium | Streptococcus Mogibacterium Unclassified Lachnospiraceae | ||
GP specific | |||||
 AI-2 | Pfs synthase (step 1) (Salmonella enterica); LuxS synthase (step 2) (Bacteroides vulgatus) | Streptococcus | Streptococcus Prevotella | Streptococcus Prevotella Fusobacterium Porphyromonas | Interspecies communication [60, 61] Expression of virulence factors, motility, and biofilm formation [62, 63] |
AibA receptor (Helicobacter pylori) | Streptococcus Veilonella Fusobacterium | Veillonella Streptococcus Fusobacterium | Fusobacterium Veillonella Selenomonas | ||
LsrB receptor (Escherichia coli); LuxP receptor (two components) (Vibrio harveyi) | Neobacillus Arthrobacter Serratia | Neobacillus Arthrobacter Klebsiella Unclassified Anaerolineaceae Unclassified Lachnospiraceae | Neobacillus Biomaibacter Arthrobacter Unclassified Lachnospiraceae Enterobacter | ||
 AIP_RRNPP | PhrC-Shp-NprX-PapR-CcfA synthase | Streptococcus Methylomusa Neisseria Carnobacterium | Streptococcus Methylomusa Megasphaera Chlamydia Dialister | Methylomusa Streptococcus Megasphaera Fusobacterium Clostridium | Sporulation, conjugation, biofilm formation and pathogenic responses (as in Bacillus and Enterococcus species) [64] Extracellular glucosyltransferase activity required for tooth surface colonization(as in Streptococcus gordonii) [65] Interspecies cross-talking among different streptococci [66, 67] |
Rap-Rgg-NprR-PlcR-PrgX receptor (One Component) | Streptococcus | Streptococcus | Streptococcus | ||
 DSF | RpfB synthase (step 1) (Xanthomonas campestris); RpfF synthase (step 2) (Xanthomonas campestris) | Companilactobacillus Unclassified Firmicutes Neisseria Veillonella | Clostridium Veillonella Companilactobacillus Thermoanaerobacterium Prevotella | Veillonella Fusobacterium Companilactobacillus Clostridium Unclassified Odoribacteraceae | Interspecies to interkingdom signaling, regulation of motility, biofilm formation, iron uptake, virulence in other prokaryotes, elicitation of the innate immunity of plants, induction of the stringent response, and siderophore production in other bacteria (as in Burkholderia cenocepacia) [68] |
RpfR receptor (one component) | \ | Campylobacter Butyrivibrio Ruminococcus | Butyrivibrio Campylobacter Ruminococcus Selenomonas Desulfobulbus | ||
BCAM0227; RpfC; RpfS receptors (two components) | Streptococcus | Prevotella Schaalia Mogibacterium Candidatus Saccharibacteria Bacteroides | Prevotella Bacteroides Mogibacterium Schaalia Fusobacteria | ||
 HAQ | PhnA; PhnB; PqsD synthase (Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1) | Streptococcus Veillonella | Veillonella Streptococcus Prevotella Unclassified Firmicutes Megasphaera | Prevotella Veillonella Unclassified Firmicutes Eubacterium Fusobacterium | Antimicrobial activity and intercellular signaling [69] Regulating host innate immune responses [70] |
PqsR receptor (two components) (Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Dialister | Dialister Dorea | Dialister Dorea | ||
MP specific | |||||
 AHL | HdtS; LuxI; AinS synthase | Streptococcus Neisseria | Dialister Acidaminococcus Chlamydia | Acidaminococcus Prevotella Dialister Porphyromonas Fusobacterium | Mediating intra-species, interspecies and interkingdom communication [71] Multispecies biofilm formation [72] |
AinR receptor (two components) | Bacteroides | Bacteroides | Bacteroides | ||
 AHK | CqsA synthase | \ | Veillonella Prevotella Bacteroides | Prevotella Veillonella Bacteroides Parabacteroides | Bacteria-host interactions, biofilm formation and competence [73] |
CqsS receptor (two components) | Haemophilus Fermentimonas | Prevotella Clostridium Eubacterium Haemophilus Fermentimonas | Prevotella Clostridium Petrimonas Parabacteroides Ruminococcus | ||
 Ethanolamine | GlpQ; UgpQ synthase | Enterococcus Vagococcus | Unclassified Eubacteriales Family Bacteroides Fusobacterium Aggregatibacter Chlamydia | Fusobacterium Aggregatibacter Unclassified Eubacteriales Family Bacteroides Clostridium | Expression of genes involved in interkingdom signaling and virulence [74] |
CqsR receptor (two components) | Streptococcus Veillonella | Veillonella Streptococcus Ruminococcus Clostridium Prevotella | Veillonella Fusobacterium Ruminococcus Clostridium Streptococcus | ||