Host species and habitat shape fish-associated bacterial communities: phylosymbiosis between fish and their microbiome

Table 3 PERMANOVA results for the effects of sample location, fish species, and their interaction on bacterial community beta diversity (Bray–Curtis dissimilarity matrix) for both skin and gut samples. Only fish species captured at two or more locations were included in this analysis

Variables	df	SS	R²	F value
Gut
Location	2	10.5	0.13	17***
Fish species	9	6.6	0.08	2.4***
Weight	1	0.65	0.008	2.1**
Fish species × location	10	6.3	0.07	2***
Residuals	180	55.7	0.70
Total	202	79.2	1.00
Skin
Location	2	15.2	0.17	26***
Fish species	9	5.9	0.06	2.2***
Weight	1	0.78	0.009	2.7**
Fish species × location	10	6.3	0.07	2.1***
Residuals	201	59	0.68
Total	223	86.6	1.00

ISSN: 2049-2618