Fig. 4

Long-term skin microbiome modifications are different between mice bitten by female ticks or by nymphs. A Alpha diversity (cluster levels observed, Shannon, Simpson, and inverse Simpson indexes) of the skin microbiome of mice 10 days after a blood feeding by tick (female ticks or nymphs) of 1 day (green dots), 2 days (blue dots), or 3 days (red dot). B Barplots of relative proportions in the skin biopsies of the top 20 genera in the samples separated by duration of the feeding. C Alpha diversity (cluster levels observed, Shannon, Simpson, and inverse Simpson indexes) of the same samples separated between mice bitten by female ticks (yellow dots) or by nymphs (blue dots). D Barplots of relative proportions in the skin biopsies of the top 20 genera in the samples separated by tick stages. E, F Beta diversity ordination (PCoA) using Bray Curtis (E) and Jaccard (F) distances of the skin microbiome of mice bitten by female ticks (yellow dots) or by nymphs (blue dots)