Fig. 2

Skin microbiomes from mice bitten by nymphs or adult female ticks are deeply and differently modified. A, B Beta diversity ordination (PCoA) using Bray Curtis (A) and Jaccard (B) distances of the skin microbiome of control mice (red dots), mice bitten by female adult ticks (yellow dots), and mice bitten by nymphs (blue dot) for 1 to 4 days. C Alpha diversity (cluster levels observed, Shannon, Simpson, and inverse Simpson indexes) of the same skin samples. D–G LEfSe (linear discriminant analysis effect size) analysis summarizing the taxa significantly modified (p<0.05 with Mann-Whitney nonparametric test) between the skin of control mice and bitten mice (by nymphs or female ticks) (D), control mice and mice bitten by female ticks (E), control mice and mice bitten by nymphs (F), and mice bitten by female ticks and mice bitten by nymphs (G). H–J Barplots of relative proportions in the skin biopsies of the phyla (H) and top 20 genera (I and J), grouped by duration of feeding (H and I) or by tick stages (J)