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Fig. 8 | Microbiome

Fig. 8

From: Surgery-induced gut microbial dysbiosis promotes cognitive impairment via regulation of intestinal function and the metabolite palmitic amide

Fig. 8

FMT reverses surgery-associated metabolic perturbations and decreases PA contents in old surgery mice. A Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression level of the microglial marker IBA1 (green) and astrocyte marker GFAP (red) in the brain hippocampus of aged FMT mice. B Correlation with A, the fluorescence intensity of IBA1 and GFAP in the brain hippocampus of aged FMT mice was calculated. C Confocal laser microscopy magnified the microglia positively expressing IBA1 in the brain hippocampus of aged FMT mice. D Correlation with C, the number of branches of microglia expressing IBA1 positively in the brain hippocampus of aged FMT mice was calculated. E Golgi staining was used to detect morphological changes in neurons and dendrites in the brain hippocampus of aged FMT mice. F Correlation with E, the length of the spines in each group of mouse neurons under the same magnification. G UHPLC analysis was used to detect the PA level in the brain hippocampus of aged FMT mice. H Metabolite profiles in the blood of aged FMT mice were analyzed by non-target metabolomics. Principal component analysis of all metabolites detected in the blood of aged FMT mice by orthogonal partial least squares (PLS). I Principal component analysis of all metabolites detected in the blood of aged FMT mice by partial least squares (OPLS). J Palmitic amide peak areas in blood samples from the two groups of mice were extracted from the metabolic profiles and normalized, and logarithmic values were used to analyze the differences between the two groups. K The peak areas of the differential metabolites (10 kinds) in the blood of the two groups of mice were extracted from the metabolic profiles, and a metabolite correlation heatmap was drawn, showing the relative changes in the differential metabolites in each sample. L Correlation analysis heatmap of Alpha diversity index (Chao1), PA levels in blood, latency in MWM test and intestinal permeability (area of FITC-dextran) of aged FMT mice. Red represents a positive correlation, green represents a negative correlation, correlation coefficients are indicated in the heatmap. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001

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