Fig. 1

Surgery induces cognitive dysfunction in aged but not young mice. A Flow chart of the experiment indicates the age of young and old mice, the time of surgery, and the detection time of each cognitive behavior. B The upper right panel is a schematic diagram of the MWM test, and the lower image shows the swimming speed of mice in each group from 8 to 13 days after surgery. C Latency of mice in each group to find the platform in the MWM test from 8 to 12 days after surgery. D The number of times of mice in each group crossed the platform in the MWM test in the 13th day after surgery. E The retention time of mice in each group in the platform quadrant in the MWM test in the 13th day after surgery. F Swimming path diagrams of mice in each group in the MWM test on postoperative day 12 (left) and day 13 (right). G Schematic diagram of the fear conditioning test (left) and freezing time of mice in each group in the fear conditioning test in the 16th day after surgery (right). H Schematic diagram of the novel object recognition test (left) and novel object exploration index in novel object recognition test of mice in each group in the 19th days after surgery (right). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ns means no significant