Fig. 2
From: Oral pathogens exacerbate Parkinson’s disease by promoting Th1 cell infiltration in mice
LIP-SP alters both the oral and gut microbiota of MPTP-induced PD mice. A Alpha diversity of oral and gut microbiota assessed by Chao 1, Faith’s phylogenetic diversity (Faith’s pd), and Shannon index. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the microbiota in oral ligatures and feces of mice. B Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of oral and gut microbiota. C Random forest analysis of oral and gut microbiota at the species level. D Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis of Veillonella parvula and Streptococcus mutans in oral ligatures. n = 5:5. E qRT-PCR analysis of Veillonella parvula and Streptococcus mutans in feces. n = 5:5. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Student’s t-test was used for statistical analysis. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01