Fig. 4

Changes in the fecal metabolomic profiles between ME49 and Δα-amy cysts-infected mice. A The fecal metabolomic profiles were clustered using PLS-DA. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. P values were determined using the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test. B Volcano map analysis of differential metabolites. C Relative abundances of metabolites were clustered using a UPGMA dendrogram and shown in a heatmap. The metabolite variation is shown using Z_Score. D–G The concentrations of fecal azelaic acid, suberic acid, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), and citramalic acid were displayed as box and dot plots. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM. P values were determined using the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test. **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05. H SMPDB pathway enrichment analysis according to the markedly altered metabolites