Fig. 5

An association between the mitochondrial haplogroup and gut microbiota was evaluated. Alpha diversity was compared between faecal bacteria of dogs with haplogroup A and that of dogs with haplogroup C in 3 groups: cADpost, cADtreatment and healthy (a, left panel), and in all three groups together (b, right panel). When comparing haplogroups A and C in all three groups (regardless of health status), alpha diversity in dogs with haplogroup A showed a higher trend than that in dogs with haplogroup C (p = 0.074). Beta diversity was also compared between these two haplogroups (c). The Aitchison distance between haplogroups A and C demonstrated a difference with p = 0.078. The differentially abundant bacterial taxa between haplogroups A and C at the phylum level (d) and at the genus level (e) are presented (q < 0.1); blue dots refer to genera identified by corncob, and orange dots refer to genera identified by corncob and ANCOM-BC