Fig. 5

AMR profile of microbial communities in ex-situ microcosms exposed to sub-inhibitory antibiotic concentrations and analysed by HT-qPCR. A The total number of detected genes in each sample are shown in the red colour scale in the top panel, while the abundance of individual ARGs relative to the 16S rRNA gene is represented in the bottom panel using a blue to yellow colour scale to indicate lowest to highest relative abundances (%) within each row. Dark blue cells represent no detection. The F values for significant (p \(\le\) 0.05) two-factor ANOVA tests between all samples are also shown with a black-red-white colour scale (right panel). B For each drug class, the number of genes tested by Resistomap is shown underneath the title (see Table S4A for full details) together with the ANOVA test on the differences due to the presence of antibiotics (‘A’), surface vs. planktonic (‘S’) or both (‘A:S’), with significant results indicated with red shading. ‘Genes detected’ represents the number of the genes within each drug class that were detected per sample. The combined abundance of the genes relative to the 16S rRNA gene are graphed, with points indicating the mean and error bars showing the standard deviation