Fig. 3

Taxonomic structures of soil fungal communities in oak-, spruce-, and fir-dominated forests. a Distribution of the most abundant fungal OTUs (containing > 50% of the total rDNA ITS1 read abundance) according to tree species (Abies, Picea, Quercus), soil layer (OS, OM), and season (wet/dry). The phylogenetic relationships between OTUs are shown on the left side at the order and species levels. The proportion of OTUs (in %) is displayed in the middle panel according to the dominant tree species, the soil layers and the seasons. The overall abundance of the OTUs (in K reads) is shown in the right panel. b Network of fungal OTUs associated with each tree species (Abies, Picea, Quercus). This shows the frequency of occurrence of the 20 most abundant OTUs displaying significant differences among tree species (Kruskal–Wallis with FDR correction), that is, host preference. The phylogenetic affiliations of OTUs are shown on the left side at the division, order and species levels. Abies-associated OTUs are shown in pink, Picea-associated OTUs in green and Quercus-associated OTUs in blue