Fig. 1

TXN has major effects on gene expression in white adipose tissue. A Overview of the mouse experiments, duration, and measurements. The study contained three treatment groups: low fat control diet (LFD), high fat diet (HFD), high fat diet with XN supplementation (HFD+XN), and high fat diet with TXN supplementation (HFD+TXN). Phenotypic parameters, fecal bile acid composition, fecal 16S rRNA gene sequences, and tissue transcriptomes were determined. B Each parameter was categorized into one of four different groups (XN-improved, TXN-improved, XN&TXN-improved, improved by neither). Shown here is an example of the expression of one gene from each category, with values in quantile normalized counts per million (CPM). C The majority of measured phenotypes (especially those related to glucose homeostasis and adiposity) are reduced by TXN in an opposite way to the direction of change in the HFD group versus LFD (Mann–Whitney P < 0.05, * = Mann–Whitney P < 0.05 in HFD and < 0.1 in TXN). Colors represent the average of median normalized values of each group, relative to the other groups in the row (e.g., the darkest blue color indicates the lowest mean while dark red indicates the highest). D A transkingdom multi-organ network was reconstructed. Nodes in the network represent features that are significantly changed between HFD and LFD. Edges represent Spearman correlations between parameters (red is a positive association, blue is negative). Nodes are colored based on the treatment effect category as described in the Fig. 1B examples. E The proportion of parameters in each treatment effect category described in Fig. 1D. Size of the pie chart corresponds to the number of nodes for each data type in the network