Fig. 3

Microbiome functional differences of responders, partial-responders, and non-responders to lifestyle interventions. a Heatmap showing Spearman’s rank-based correlations between species and pathways with significantly different abundance (using ordinal regression among non-responders, partial-responders, and responders groups; adjusted p < 0.1). Only pathways with contributions from at least one of the species enriched in the same condition are shown. FDR-corrected p < 0.1 was deemed significant. The condition where the species or pathways are enriched is shown in coral and green for non-responders and responders, respectively. b Barplots showing the number of significant KOs mapped to each enriched pathway in responder and non-responder in green and coral, respectively. c Volcano plot of differentially abundant KOs based on the comparison between responders and non-responders. The log2 fold change and the log10 p values adjusted for multiple testing are plotted for each of the KOs. The dots marked with green represent significant KOs and the dots marked with red represent significant KOs involved in the biosynthesis of amino acids. The significant species which contributed to these KOs were annotated in the plot. d Comparison of the degree and closeness centrality between responders (R) and non-responders (NR) SparCC networks (Student t test, ***: p < 0.001). e Co-abundance network among species enriched in responders, the amino acid-related KOs, and amino acids (AA) auxotroph species (only significant correlations are considered, p < 0.05). Color intensity of the edges refers to the correlation value. The green, blue, and red color of the nodes represents species enriched in responders, the amino acid-related KOs, and AA auxotroph species, respectively