Fig. 1

ICC evaluation of taxonomic profiles among study cohorts. a ICC values of alpha and beta diversity indexes at the species level in each study cohort. The error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. Cohort type is indicated by blue, pink, and lilac colors for no intervention, antibiotic intervention, and lifestyle intervention, respectively. Only significant p values are shown (Student t test, p < 0.05). The red dash line indicates an ICC value of 0.5. b Circos plot showing the annotated species in our metagenomics datasets in a phylogenetic tree. In the inner circles, disease-related species are shown in light green (beneficial) and light orange (detrimental). Species ICC values are indicated in orange (ICC < 0.5), green (ICC ≥ 0.5), and white (non-valid ICC). Barplots represent the median value of species abundance