Fig. 7From: Microbiota perturbation by anti-microbiota vaccine reduces the colonization of Borrelia afzelii in Ixodes ricinusImpact of the introduction of E. coli on B. afzelii infection. The load of spirochetes of B. afzelii were measured in a I. ricinus nymphs fed artificially with E. coli + B. afzelii and in b nymphs injected with E. coli + B. afzelii in the anal pore. The results were compared to nymphs that received only B. afzelii spirochetes. Means and standard deviation values are displayed. n = 8–9 nymphs/condition for capillary feeding, n = 19–20 nymphs/condition for microinjection. Mann–Whitney test, *p < 0.05Back to article page