Fig. 4
From: Neotropical bee microbiomes point to a fragmented social core and strong species-level effects
A comparison of the microbiome of bee species sampled from the same location, during the dry season and wet season (excluding transitional months). The magnitude and direction of effect sizes vary across the bee species studied. Four panels show the mean effect sizes (Hedge’s G—bias-corrected standardized mean difference) across 10 studied species for alpha diversity (ASV Richness, Faith’s Phylogenetic Diversity, Shannon, and Evenness). Negative (red) values indicate a reduction in the dry season, while positive values (blue) indicate an increase in the dry season. Point size is scaled by sample size. Overall standard mean difference (SMD) and random effect model p-values are provided for each metric. Vertical color bars indicate bee tribes (Tribe Meliponini (N=7; green), Tribe Euglossini (N=2; yellow), and Apini (N=1; black)