Fig. 8

Daily administration of B. pseudolongum improves lipid sensing to decrease food intake via a gut-brain signal. Rats were fed a HF diet for 4 weeks prior to daily administration with B. pseudolongum via SI catheter for 3–7 days. a Experimental timeline. b Percent suppression of food intake following SI infusion of intralipid from baseline SI saline infusion in HF and B. pseudolongum (BF; 3 days) -treated HF rats. c Portal GLP-1 levels at one hour following a 15-min SI infusion of Intralipid in HF or HF-BF rats (7 days). d Immunohistochemistry and e quantification of c-Fos expression in the NTS following a 15-min SI infusion of Intralipid following B. pseudolongum SI administration (3 days). Data in all graphs represent the mean + SEM (n = 5–8 per group); **p < 0.01, as assessed by Welch’s t test