Fig. 4

OFS restores SI lipid sensing mechanisms that control food intake in HF-fed rats. Nutrient-induced satiation testing and terminal perfusion studies in rats placed on either a chow or HF diet with or without OFS supplementation in the drinking water. a Experimental timeline. b and c Percent suppression of food intake from baseline saline infusion following SI infusion of b Ensure or c Intralipid (IL) before and after OFS treatment. d Immunohistochemistry and e percent change in c-Fos expression in the NTS of chow, HF, and HF-OFS rats 1 h after a 15-min SI infusion of intralipid compared to c-Fos expression following a saline infusion. f Portal GLP-1 levels in chow, HF, and HF-OFS 1 h following a 15-min SI infusion of saline (black circles) or intralipid (white circles). Data in all graphs represent the mean + SEM (n = 4–6 per group); *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs HF; ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 vs saline within group, as assessed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test