Fig. 8

Colonic Ri. colonization improved depression-like behaviors in mice. A Protocol diagram of the time courses of the Ri. transplantation and behavioral tests. The mice were exposed to CRS and then the behavioral tests were conducted. Half of the CTR and CRS mice were selected for Ri. gavaging, while the other mice were administered equal volumes of sterile PBS. The transplantation procedure lasted for 2 weeks. B Establishment of the CRS-induced depressive mice model as determined through SPT, TST, FST, OFT, and EPM test assays. C Effects of Ri. on CRS-induced depressive behaviors in mice. D Abundance of Ri.in the colon and feces of the FMT mice. E FISH-determined Ri. colonization. F Normalized fluorescence intensity analysis of Ri. colonization. Scale bar 50 μm. Data were displayed as mean ± SEM. Except for the one-way ANOVA used in D, other significant differences were determined via Student’s t test or two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison procedure. ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^****p < 0.0001 vs. the CTR + PBS group; ^&p < 0.05, ^&&p < 0.01, ^&&&&p < 0.0001 vs. the CTR + Ri group; ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01, ^####p < 0.0001 vs. the CRS + PBS group