Fig. 5
Associations between fungal enterotypes and human diseases. a Enrichment of the fungal enterotypes in human diseases compared to the control group after age was controlled; the odds ratios (OR) and p values of the Fisher’s exact test are shown. AUD: alcohol use disorder; T2D: type 2 diabetes; CDI: clostridium difficile infection; ALHP: alcoholic hepatitis; CD: Crohn’s disease; IBS: irritable bowel syndrome; COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; AD: Alzheimer’s disease. b, c Violin plots showing median and quartiles of gut microbiome health index (GMHI) (b) and human DNA contents (HDCs) (c) across fungal enterotypes in the CHGM cohort, where Wilcoxon rank-sum test p values are displayed above the boxplots. d, e Correlations between the HDCs (Y-axis) and the relative abundance of two pathways related to aerobic respiration (X-axis), namely PWY-7279 (d) and PWY-7279 (e). The shaded region denotes the 95% confidence interval of the linear regression. f Mediation linkages among the chronological age, pathway PWY-7279, and HDCs. pmediation was estimated through a bidirectional mediation analysis with 1000 bootstraps