Fig. 3

Age distribution and the gut aging indices of fungal enterotypes. a Age distribution of fungal enterotypes in two cohorts from China with p values from Wilcoxon rank-sum test p values shown for the age difference between enterotypes (left two panels). The right panel shows the proportion of fungal enterotypes in young (18–30 years), middle (31–60 years), and old (> –60 years) age groups from these two cohorts, respectively, with asterisks showing the statistical significance of multiple testing corrected Fisher’s exact test (*adjusted p < 0.05, ** adjusted p < 0.01, *** adjusted p < 0.001). b The age-associated fungal genera with p values < 0.05 determined by multivariate linear regression with adjustment of gender and cohort, where the red bar represents a positive correlation while the blue one represents a negative one. c The correlation between the gut aging index (GAI) and age after the LOESS smoothing for each fungal enterotype on four cohorts with available age data (CHGM cohort, Gao et al. [23], Limon et al. [12], and Zuo et al. [22]). Sacc_type: p = 2.1e − 03, Pearson’s r = 0.30; Can_type: p = 8.4e − 10, Pearson’s r = 0.45; Asp_type: p < 3.0e − 06, Pearson’s r = 0.36; Asc_type: p = 1.3e − 02, Pearson’s r = 0.27. d The distribution of GAI across fungal enterotypes in different cohorts. Wilcoxon rank-sum test p values are displayed above the boxplots