Fig. 8

Analysis of ex-germ-free mice colonized with VD and CSD microbiota by faecal microbiota transplantation. A Phenotypic parameters at short term: weight, bowel wall thickness, sCD14 on serum samples, lipocalin-2 concentration in serum samples. B Histological features representative photos of colon stained with AB; proportion of goblet cells stained with AB or PAS colon crypt length. C Butyrate/acetate ratio. D Sensitivity to DNBS-induced colitis in the long term: weight changes after DNBS injection, macroscopic score, histological score, global permeability (sCD14 levels). Groups: axenic mice (AX), ex-GF mice colonized with vaginal-delivered faeces (VD, blue = GF-VD), C-section-delivered faeces (CSD, red = GF-CSD). N = 5–8. *p-value < 0.05; **p-value < 0.01; ***p-value < 0.001