Fig. 7

Local and systemic immunity parameters. General inflammatory parameters at 5 days (A) and weaning (B). Lipocalin-2 concentration in serum at 5 days (n = 19–21) and weaning (n = 10); cytokine concentrations in serum, colon and ileum (n = 10). C Positive CD3⁺/CD4.⁺ cells detected by flow cytometry in spleen at 5 days and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and spleen at weaning (n = 20) and D representative flow charts. E Positive Th cells detected by flow cytometry in spleen at 5 days and MLN and spleen at weaning (n = 20). Groups: vaginal delivery (VD, blue) and C-section delivery (CSD, red). *p-value < 0.05; **p-value < 0.01; ***p-value < 0.001; ****p-value < 0.0001