Fig. 2

Microbiota analysis in early life. A Schema of the sampling procedures. B Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analyses based on the Bray–Curtis. C Richness, alpha and beta diversities and richness (measured by Shannon and Whitaker index). D Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios. Sample size: 5 days, n = 31–33; weaning n = 31–33; 6 weeks, n = 32; second injection and endpoint, n = 18. Groups at 5 days, weaning and 6 weeks: vaginal delivery (VD, blue) and C-section delivery (CSD, red). Groups at second injection and endpoint: vaginal-delivered mice, non-inflamed (VD, vehicle, light blue); vaginal-delivered mice, inflamed (VD-DNBS, dark blue); C-section-delivered mice, non-inflamed (CSD, vehicle, light red); C-section-delivered mice, inflamed (CSD-DNBS, dark red). *p-value < 0.05; **p-value < 0.01