Fig. 4

The oral microbiota of infants born to pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 is altered. Beta diversity analyses by groups: A infants born to pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy compared to infants born to pregnant healthy controls (HC); B infants born to pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 early or late during pregnancy or with active infection, compared to HC. Beta diversity comparisons were performed using PERMANOVA analysis with pairwise comparisons and BETADISPER for dispersion analysis. For PERMANOVA and BETADISPER analyses, we used Sørensen dissimilarities. P values were all adjusted by false discovery rate. C Bacterial taxa (at the amplicon sequence variant or SV) were selected by the random forest classification (RFC) and ranked according to their importance in the classification for infants born to pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 compared to HC. Bar colors indicate the comparison group (i.e., SARS-CoV-2 or HC); and each bar indicates the importance by which the increase in an SV predicts a particular comparison group. The Boruta algorithm was used to select variables for RFC. We also used the Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanation (LIME) to estimate a threshold of the abundance of the SV selected with Boruta that predicts a particular comparison group. *Padj < 0.050, **Padj < 0.010