Fig. 3

Oral microbiota of pregnant women differs by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Beta diversity analyses by groups: A pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to HC or B pregnant women with early, late, or active SARS-CoV-2 infections compared to HC. Beta diversity comparisons were performed using PERMANOVA analysis with pairwise comparisons and BETADISPER for dispersion analysis. For PERMANOVA and BETADISPER analyses, we used Sørensen dissimilarities. P values were all adjusted by false discovery rate. C, D Bacterial taxa (at the sequence variant or SV) were selected by the random forest classification (RFC) and ranked according to their importance in the classification. RFC comparisons are shown in C pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to HC; D pregnant women with active SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to HC. Bar colors indicate the comparison group (i.e., SARS-CoV-2 or HC); and each bar indicates the importance by which the increase in an SV predicts a particular comparison group. The selection of the variables for RFC was performed using the Boruta algorithm. We also used the Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanation (LIME) to estimate a threshold of the abundance of the SV selected with Boruta that predicts a particular comparison group. *Padj < 0.050, **Padj < 0.010