Fig. 5

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) markedly alters the metabolite profile in the jejunum of recipient chickens. A The comparison of metabolomics profile of jejunal contents between the FMT and control groups (partial least-squares discriminant analysis). B The comparison of heat map of 40 different metabolites between the FMT and control groups. C The comparison of metabolite pathway enrichment analysis between the FMT and control groups. D The comparison of relative mRNA expression of tryptophan metabolite receptor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), CYP1A2, and IL-22 between the FMT and control groups (qPCR). E The comparison of protein expression level of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) between the FMT and control groups (immunohistochemical staining). Scale bars, 100 μm. F Heat map of Spearman’s correlations between differential jejunal microbiota and tryptophan metabolites. Data were shown as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. FMT, fecal microbiota transplantation group (n = 10); Con, control group (n = 10). Metabolites with the variable importance in the projection (VIP) value of the PLS-DA model > 1