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Fig. 5 | Microbiome

Fig. 5

From: Akkermansia muciniphila, which is enriched in the gut microbiota by metformin, improves cognitive function in aged mice by reducing the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6

Fig. 5

A. muciniphila downregulated inflammatory and upregulated neuroactive pathways in hippocampal tissue. a Pathway enrichment analysis using RNA sequencing showed downregulated expression of genes in the hippocampus in A. muciniphila-treated mice. b, c Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction PCR results confirmed that the relative mRNA expression levels of IL-6 and Trp53 in hippocampal tissue were significantly decreased in the A. muciniphila-treated group. d A. muciniphila significantly decreased the amount of microglia compared with that in the control group. e Pathway enrichment analysis using RNA-seq showed upregulation of gene expression in the hippocampus of aged mice treated with A. muciniphila compared with that in the control group. f A. muciniphila upregulated mRNA expression of the neuronal transcription factor c-Fos. Ctrl, control; AKK, A. muciniphila. The overall significance between the two groups was determined by Student’s t-test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; ns, not significant

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Microbiome

ISSN: 2049-2618

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