Fig. 5

Validation of the modifying role of Alistipes putredinis in body weight response to physical activity (PA) in the Mind–Body Study (MBS) cohort. a Study design of MBS. To associate the gut microbiome with PA and body weight measures, we profiled stool metagenomes from the MBS. The MBS is a sub-study of the NHSII, an ongoing prospective cohort totaling 116,429 women. The NHSII has repeatedly collected PA and body weight information using validated questionnaires and health-related information since 1989. In the period 2013–2014, the MBS collected stool samples at up to four time points per individual and body weight information at up to two time points 209 participants. We applied MetaPhlAn 2 and HUMAnN 2 to perform taxonomic and functional profiling from stool shotgun metagenomes and metatranscriptomes. b Mean value of BMI at different ages and the time of stool collection. The error bars represent standard deviations. c Associations between PA level at stool collection and BMI at stool collection (left), and between long-term PA level and body weight change from age 18 to stool collection (right) in those with a higher and lower abundance of A. putredinis separately. d Body weight change in the subsequent 4 years since stool collection according to PA level at the time of stool collection in those with a higher and lower abundance of A. putrdinis separately. e Association between PA level at the time of stool collection and body weight change in the subsequent 4 years since stool collection in those with a higher and lower abundance of A. putrdinis separately