Fig. 4
MetaCyc pathways and involved EC enzymes driving the modifying role of Alistipes putredinis in body weight response to physical activity (PA). The role of A. putredinis in increasing body weight response to PA was mainly driven by the MetaCyc pathways related to gluconeogenesis, fatty acid β-oxidation, palmitoleate biosynthesis, folate transformation, stearate biosynthesis, and fatty acid elongation. a Diagram showing that a total of 127 MetaCyc pathways contributed by A. putredinis and involved EC enzymes were examined for their modifying roles in the association between PA level and weight change since age 21 years. b The 11 MetaCyc pathways modifying the association between PA and weight change since age 21 years. Among the 11 pathways, 6 were of metabolism, 2 were of cellular processes, and 3 were of genetic information processing. The pathways of gluconeogenesis I, fatty acid β-oxidation I, palmitoleate biosynthesis (from (5Z)-dodec-5-enoate), and folate transformations I might positively drive the response in body weight to PA, whereas the pathways of stearate biosynthesis II (bacteria and plant) and fatty acid elongation—saturated might negatively drive the response. The bars indicate beta coefficients in the multivariable-adjusted generalized linear mixed-effects regression models, with error bars indicating upper and lower limits of their 95% confidence intervals. Beta coefficients and pinteraction were calculated from multivariable-adjusted generalized linear mixed-effects regression models while adjusting for age, smoking, Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), total energy intake, probiotic use, antibiotic use, and Bristol stool scale. c Representative EC enzymes involved in the 6 pathways of metabolism in panel b showing modifying role in the association between PA and body weight change since age 21 years, and the contributions of A. putredinis to the enzymes. The bar plots in c show the microbial species with the greatest contributions to each EC enzyme, with metagenomic or metatranscriptomic samples along the x-axes ordered by PA level (from the lowest to the highest). Direction of the modifications of the pathways and detected enzymes were consistent, with the bar chart showing the positive modifications colored in green and negative modifications colored in red. All statistical tests were two-sided