Fig. 5

Empirical power of covariate-adjusted KRV and competing methods at nominal level \(\alpha =0.05\) for different microbiome kernels under small effect sizes. A A single SNP affects the abundance of common OTUs. B A single SNP affects the abundance of OTUs from a common phylogenetic cluster. C A single SNP affects the abundance of rare OTUs. In each scenario, linear kernel was used for genetic data